Urethra (Urethritis)

Urethritis refers to the inflammation or infection of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. It is commonly caused by bacterial or viral infections, though it can also result from non-infectious factors such as irritation or injury.

The most common cause of urethritis is sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly gonorrhea and chlamydia. Other bacterial infections, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), can also lead to urethritis, especially in women. In some cases, viral infections such as herpes simplex virus can cause urethritis as well.

Symptoms typically include pain or a burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, an urge to urinate, and sometimes discharge from the urethra. In severe cases, individuals may experience fever, abdominal pain, or swelling of the genitals.

Diagnosis is made based on medical history, symptoms, and laboratory tests, including urine samples and swabs from the urethra. Treatment for urethritis depends on the underlying cause. If bacterial, antibiotics are prescribed. For viral causes, antiviral medications may be used.

If left untreated, urethritis can lead to complications, including the spread of infection to other parts of the urinary tract, pelvic inflammatory disease, or in rare cases, infertility. Proper hygiene and safe sexual practices are important preventive measures.