Andrology & Male Infertility

Andrology is the branch of medicine that focuses on male health, particularly related to the male reproductive system and urological concerns. It covers a wide range of issues, from erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation to low testosterone levels, varicocele, and testicular problems. Andrology also plays a vital role in managing male infertility, which can be caused by various factors including hormonal imbalances, sperm production issues, or structural problems in the reproductive organs.

Male Infertility refers to the inability of a male to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. It accounts for around 40-50% of all infertility cases, and the causes can range from genetic disorders, lifestyle factors (like smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity), to environmental factors such as exposure to toxins or excessive heat. Sperm production disorders, low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or blocked sperm ducts are among the most common causes of male infertility.

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, hormone testing, and sometimes genetic testing. Treatments vary depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, assisted reproductive technologies (like ICSI or IVF), or surgical interventions. In some cases, donor sperm may be considered. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for male infertility.