Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, typically affecting older individuals. It originates in the prostate gland, which is part of the male reproductive system and is responsible for producing seminal fluid. The exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing it, including age (most commonly diagnosed in men over 50), family history, race (more prevalent in African American men), and genetics (mutations in certain genes).

Early-stage prostate cancer often doesn't cause symptoms, which is why routine screenings, such as the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test or digital rectal exams, are important for early detection. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include difficulty urinating, blood in urine or semen, pain in the back, hips, or pelvis, and erectile dysfunction.

Treatment options vary depending on the cancer's stage and the patient's overall health. They may include surgery (prostatectomy), radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or active surveillance for slow-growing cancers. For more aggressive forms, a combination of treatments might be used. Prognosis is generally favorable, especially if caught early, but advanced or metastatic prostate cancer can be more challenging to treat, emphasizing the importance of early detection and personalized treatment plans.