Testis

Testis uro-oncology malignancies refer to cancers that affect the testes, one of the most common types of cancer in young men. These malignancies are primarily categorized into germ cell tumors (GCTs) and non-germ cell tumors, with GCTs being the most prevalent. Germ cell tumors include seminomas and non-seminomatous tumors, which can present with symptoms like a painless testicular mass, swelling, or discomfort. These tumors are highly treatable, especially when diagnosed early.

Seminomas are typically slow-growing, highly sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, and have a good prognosis. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) encompass various types, including embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and teratoma, which are more aggressive and may require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for treatment. These cancers may spread to lymph nodes or other organs if not detected in the early stages.

Non-germ cell tumors, such as Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors, are rarer but can still cause significant morbidity. Though less aggressive, they require careful management depending on their size, location, and potential for metastasis.

The treatment for testicular cancers often involves orchiectomy (surgical removal of the affected testis) followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy, depending on the stage and type of malignancy. Early detection and intervention are crucial for positive outcomes in testicular cancer treatment.